Habitats - Salt Marsh and Estuary

 

 

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Buy Books about Estuaries

An estuary is a partially enclosed body of water formed where freshwater from rivers and streams flows into the ocean, mixing with the salty sea water. Estuaries and the lands surrounding them are places of transition from land to sea, and from fresh to salt water. Although influenced by the tides, estuaries are protected from the full force of ocean waves, winds, and storms by the reefs, barrier islands, or fingers of land, mud, or sand that define an estuary's seaward boundary. Some familiar examples of major estuaries include San Francisco Bay, Puget Sound, Chesapeake Bay, Boston Harbor, and Tampa Bay.

Salt Marshes are one typical habitat type occurring commonly in estuaries. Salt marshes are particularly important because they are among the most productive habitats on earth and are home to a wealth of plant and wildlife species. Salt marshes are technically wetlands, but are included here because they are a dominant component of many estuaries.

 

ESTUARIES

The Oregon Estuary Plan Book. Interrain Pacific. You want to know about estuaries? Well you can't do any better than this online book on the estuaries of Oregon. The site contains basic and advanced information on estuaries including their formation and classification. You'll also find information on land useage and shoreline planning. This book is for anyone interested in estuaries and land use. Highly recommended.

An Introduction to Estuaries. National Estuarine Research Reserve System. An excellent introduction to estuaries, the ecosystems that surround them, and the conflicting human uses of them.

The Estuarine Ecosystem. Ecology of the Intertidal and Subtidal Areas. An introduction to the ecological processes and interactions of salt marshes and mudflats in the eastern United States. Recommended.

The Coastal Program. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Coastal Program focuses the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's efforts in bays, estuaries and watersheds around the U.S. coastline. This site details this program and in addition has sections on "What is a Coastal Ecosystem?" and "Why is a Coastal Program Needed?".

An Introduction to Estuaries. National Estuarine Research Reserve System. An introduction to estuaries, their biology, and their importance.

What is an Estuary? Restore America's Estuaries. A short introduction to estuaries and their importance.

San Francisco Estuary Institute. This site features a number of technical resources among which is the very impressive "Field Sampling Manual for the Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances". You'll also find maps of the San Francisco Bay region, news related to estuaries, and fact sheets.

Volunter Estuary Monitoring: A Methods Manual. Environmental Protection Agency. A manual specifically designed for volunteers to assist in monitoring the environmental health of estuaries.

National Estuary Program. Environmental Protection Agency. This site has some basic information on estuaries and an estuaries newsletter.

Estuarine Ecology. National Estuarine Research Reserve System. An introduction to the ecology of estuaries.

 

SALT MARSHES

Tidal Wetland Ecology of Long Island Sound. R.S. Warren and P.E. Fell. An excellent general introduction to tidal wetland communities around Long Island including salt marshes. You'll find a general description of salt marsh ecology, the plants and animals, and the relationships betweeen them.

Dynamics of A Salt Marsh. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. A nice introduction to salt marshes, their dynamics and biology, and the importance of their conservation.

Assateague Plants of the Bay-side Salt Marsh Area. The Assateague Naturalist. Use this site to find out about the plants that occur in a salt marsh in Virginia.

Salt Marsh Restoration in New Hampshire. Natural Resources Conservation Service. The restoration of degraded salt marshes is the topic of this web site. Several restoration projects in New Hampshire are discussed with information on the steps taken to return each to a more natural condition. The site is very slow to download.

Tidal Marshes of Long Island Sound. Glenn D. Dreyer and Willian Niering. An excellent bulletin from the Connecticut College Arboretum on all aspects of Tidal Marshes including their development, evolution, and ecology. The presentation also includes information on marsh restoration and the human effects on Tidal Marshes. Recommended.

The Salt Marsh, New York, N.Y. Studio Ecology. A short introduction to salt marshes and their restoration in New York City.

Salt Marshes. Florida Department of Environmental Protection. A short introduction to the Salt Marsh habitat in Florida.

Salvage a Salt Marsh. Canadian Wildlife Federation. A list of suggested plants for restoration of salt marshes in Canada.

The Ecology of Salt Marsh Plant Communities. Mark Bertness. A short bibliography of references on salt marsh plant communities.

 

 

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