Bark broken into square or rectangular pieces.

Alligator Juniper (Juniperus deppeana)

Bark fibrous, or peeling, or in thin, irregular plates.

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Leaves with a conspicuous raised, hemispherical gland

Ashe's Juniper (Juniperus ashei)

Glands, when present, not raised and hemispherical.

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Mature seed cones (berries) blue to blue-black, never with a red or copper tone; seed cones (berries) usually with 2 seeds (sometimes 3); bark light red-brown divided into regular scaly plates; primarily California and Pacific Northwest.

Western Juniper (Juniperus occidentalis)

Mature female cone (berries) with a brown to red tint even when the dominant color is blue; bark not as above; except for California Juniper not primarily distributed in California and the Pacific Northwest.

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Mature seed cones (berries) 9 to 10 mm. in diameter.

California Juniper (Juniperus californica)

Mature seed cones (berries) 8 mm or less in diameter.

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Mature seed cones (berries) red-brown to copper-brown; restricted to Texas and southern Oklahoma.

Pinchot's Juniper (Juniperus pinchotii)

Mature seed cones (berries) with some blue tint, not pure red-brown to copper-brown; not restricted to Texas although One Seed Juniper does occur in western and northern Texas.

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Tree with a short, upright trunk, and a rounded or conical, open crown; distribution, in general, more northern than that of One Seed Juniper.

Utah Juniper (Juniperus osteosperma)

Shrub or small tree without a distinct upright trunk; crown spreading and often scraggly; distribution in general more southern and eastern than that of Utah Juniper.

One Seed Juniper (Juniperus monosperma)